Julius was born on 25 December 1875 (but 1876 is on his tombstone) in Russia, possibly Moscow. However, he also claims a Jassy, Roumania birth. An aged instructor from a Russian course I took told me he knew Glickman sisters in Moscow before the turn of the century, and commented on their beauty.
I have heard two reasons for his leaving Russia. One was to escape the draft; the other was to escape alimony payments. The draft of Jews was usually for 20 years, marriage for life. Both may have been a good reason to leave.
Arrived in Jassy(Jasi), Romania, date unknown. Married grandmother Bella Schwartz most likely in 1899. According to the 1910 census, this was his second marriage that verifies what I had heard. Millie was born in 1900 in Jassy.
In 1899 the police chief of Jassy, Roumania, started a pogrom. According to Irving Howe, author of World of Our Fathers, this started the large migration of Jews out of Romania over the next few years:
“...The departure from Romania was especially dramatic...reducing Jews to pauperdom...pogrom... Violent denunciations of Jews were delivered in parliament...expelled from entire districts. There followed a remarkable episode in which Jews, acting through improvised committees, began to leave the country as fusgeyer (walkers, wayfarers) who tramped hundreds of miles across the country...journeying to Hamburg and thence to America....young healthy people...idealism and youthful romanticism...trained themselves in marching...solemn oath to share with one another their last morsel of food...in double file, clad in brown khaki, military leggings, broad brimmed canvas hats...army knapsack...water bottle slung jauntingly...songs...speeches...first the captain, then two men with flags...four in a row...wagon with baggage...painful to wrench ourselves from the arms of our relatives...offering amateur theatricals as a way of raising funds (while enroute)... greeted as pioneers...ordinary Romanian folk were often friendly too...zigzagging to the Hungarian border....”
Perhaps Julius and others in the family were part of this exodus. Since Millie was born in July, 1900, most likely Julius left Jassy in the latter part of 1900 or 1901. The next family birth is November 1904; it probably took a couple years for him to travel across Europe and bring the family to England.
I was told he may have gone to Sweden and was in jail in Germany while crossing Europe. Very likely he went to England via either the port city of Hamburg or Bremen.
The family next appears in London, England, where Leah, Israel (later Isadore), and Mary are born in November 1904, 1905, 1907. The addresses in London are taken from the three birth certificates and the SS St. Louis ship manifest. The addresses are 9 Grey Eagle as of 11/9/1904, 162 Brick Lane as of 11/22/1905, 38 Church as of 11/10/1907, 11 Grimsby as of 4/30/1910. See the photographs of the area as it appears in 1997, and those from approximately 1905 of the Brick Lane and other markets. Julius is listed as a journeyman cabinetmaker on the three birth certificates; Bella was listed as Becky.
Julius migrates to the US in 1907, leaving the family in London. The courthouse on Main Street near Exchange in Rochester has his naturalization records. Included is the Certificate of Arrival, form 526, where he says he came into the U.S. on the SS St. Louis on 13 January 1907 using the name 'Sam Silver'. The ship manifest from Archives (and the Ellis Island records) verify this. His age on the manifest is shown as 39, which is incorrect.
Why he came into the country under a different name is unknown. Perhaps he bought the ticket from a Sam Silver. I understand this sometimes occurred. (Further research indicated that Sam Silver was the butcher on their London street).
I do recall hearing that he traveled back to England, but I have not been able to find a record under either name that verifies this. If he did, it would explain the birth certificate showing daughter Mary's November birth. Other sources (petition for his naturalization) state Mary was born 7 July 1907.
Naturalization documents indicate he went directly to Rochester. I was told he went to Rochester because he heard there was carpentry work building the New York Central depot. I also was told that he worked on making the doors and cut off two fingers. No unions to protect his job then.
The Declaration of Intention to become a citizen was filed 1 July 1907, and shows him as a cabinetmaker, age 31, 5' 6", 153 pounds, residing at 39 Kelly Street.
The first Rochester city directory mention of Julius is in the 1908-09 volume listing him as a carpenter at 3 Elton, and living at 37 Nassau.
The 1910 US census reflects information as of April 15. He is shown as residing at 185 Joseph Avenue with Joseph and
Goldie Cohen, age 30 and 28, and their children Lena (listed as Lenna), Sam, and Morris, ages 6, 4, 2. Also shown is a
boarder Reuben Labowitz, age 29. Julius is shown as a brother-in-law of the Cohen’s. All of the adults are shown as
being born in Romania (but wasn’t Julius born in Russia?) . Joseph arrived in the US in 1901 from Romania, Goldie in
1902, Reuben and Julius in 1907. Goldie was Bella’s sister, and soon adopted the name Gussie. Sometime after 1910
they moved to New York City. Did Joseph start as a fusgeyer with Julius, going directly to America in 1901?
On this US census Julius is shown as 34 years old, in his second marriage (consistent with what I had heard), and being married for ten years in his current marriage to grandmother. The census states he and his parents were born in Romania, but this appears to be incorrect since we now know he came from Russia. He was able to speak, read, and write English (but wife Bella never did.) The answers to four other questions appear to be coded. They are: Number of farm schedules (12), Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy (2), Whether blind in both eyes (9), Whether deaf and dumb (8).
The 1910 Rochester city directory for that year lists Julius again as a carpenter with no work address, and consistent with the US census of April 15, 1910, residing at 185 Joseph Avenue (with the Cohen in-laws/Bella’s sister Gussie, husband Joe, children). According to the manifest of the SS St. Louis, grandmother Bella, Millie, Leah, Israel (Isadore), and Mary were going to 137 Joseph Street to live after their arrival in the US on May 9, 1910. (Ellis Island records show Israel's age as 9 when he arrived; he was 4. Bad handwriting on the manifest.)
Julius is naturalized in 1913 according to the records in Archives in DC. However, the Certificate of Naturalization, Number 274553, states "…the said petitioner, who has taken the oath required by law … is admitted to become a citizen … this 30 day of July 1912. The document was also issued 30 July 1912. The family resided at 130 Joseph Avenue in July 1912.
Edith was born in the latter half of 1913, or 1914.
The 1915 city directory now shows Julius as a cabinetmaker, residing at 227 Baden Street, a one-family house. However, the 1915 New York state census lists him as a driver, incorrectly born in Romania, and 39 years old as of June 1, 1915. Neighbors included the Nathan Abramson family at 219, a junk peddler; the Adam? Levine’s at 223, no occupation; the Jacob Michaelson’s at 231, a coat tailor; the Adolph Haynoff’s? at 231 who canned pickles.
Joe was born 12/19/1917.
Julius registered for the World War I draft on September 12, 1918, at age 41. All men to age 42 were required to do so. At this time he resided at 525 N. Clinton, worked at Hopeman and Brothers, 569 Lyell Avenue, as a cabinetmaker. His birthday is listed as 25 December 1876 which is the same as engraved on his tombstone. He is listed as a naturalized citizen.
The 1920 US census lists the family at 21 Herman Street. This is between Joseph and Widman Streets. He was still a cabinetmaker.
In 1925 the city directory shows the family at 928 Joseph Avenue. I could not find the state census microfilm that contained Ward 17 information. At this time he and Michael Dishner (wife Ray/Rachel), formerly a shoemaker, are listed as operating a delicatessen at 151 Joseph Avenue. The deli was formerly listed to a Michael Levitt. It was about this time during Prohibition that Julius made whiskey. The extent of his involvement is unknown, but it was large enough to involve unwilling help from other family members.
I had heard that at one time Julius had a bakery. If so, would it have been as part of the delicatessen?
In 1927 Julius is listed without an occupation. Harry Smith’s deli is now at 151 Joseph Avenue.
In 1928 Julius’s occupation is shown as ‘confectionery’, and his home is at 1434 St. Paul St.
The 1928-29 city directory shows no change for Julius. Of interest is that Harry Smith’s deli is now at 492 Post; Rockowitz & Lipson are now operating a deli at 151 Joseph.
As of the 1929-October 1930 city directory Julius’ occupation is listed as ‘attendant’; I have no idea what this means.
In the directory of 1930-October 1931 Julius is again a cabinetmaker, remaining so through the 1935 directory. The 1930 US Census shows the family owning their $6000 home at 1434 St. Paul Street, Julius unemployed, older children working, and Millie living with them with son Leon.
In the 1936-37 directory Julius is listed without an occupation.
Julius is blind in his later years, and it was certainly after he was listed with an occupation. The family story is that he had glaucoma; perhaps he had mixed a bad batch of hooch.
The family moves to 33 Morris Street, as shown in the directory for 1941. Julius dies in 1940 or 1941.
The 1943 city directory lists wife Bella as a widow residing at 270 Milburn Street. She died in 1951.
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Julius's
records on ancestry.com. (The first four records; there is a possibility there are more, but I don't believe so). I have all
this except the 1930 census record which
I can get downtown at Archives. He may be in the 1940 Census; he died that year I believe.
http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?gl=ROOT_CATEGORY&rank=1&new=1&so=3&MSAV=0&msT=1&gss=ms_f-2_s&gsfn=julius&gsln=glickman&mswpn__ftp=Rochester%2C+Monroe%2C+New+York%2C+USA&mswpn=10974&mswpn_PInfo=8-|0|1652393|0|2|3244|35|0|2063|10974|0|&msbdy=1875&uidh=eg1I
